festivites
Mauritania is a predominantly Muslim country, and Islamic holidays are widely celebrated throughout the nation. Here are some of the most important holidays celebrated in Mauritania:
1. Eid al-Fitr: This is a three-day festival that marks the end of Ramadan. It is celebrated nationwide by offering special prayers, exchanging gifts, and feasting with family and friends.
2. Eid al-Adha: Also known as the "Festival of Sacrifice," this holiday honors the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son for God. The day begins with a special prayer, followed by the sacrifice of an animal, usually a sheep or goat, which is then distributed among family, neighbors, and the needy.
3. Maulid al-Nabi: This is a celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammad, marked on the 12th day of Rabi' al-Awwal. Many Mauritanians spend the day reciting poems and singing hymns in praise of the Prophet.
4. Independence Day: Mauritania gained independence from France on November 28, 1960, and this day is celebrated as a national holiday. The day is marked with parades, traditional dances, and speeches by government officials.
5. Labor Day: May 1st is celebrated as Labor Day in Mauritania, honoring the contributions of workers to the country's development. Workers typically participate in rallies and demonstrations, calling attention to labor-related issues.
These festivities and holidays are celebrated across the country, with prayers, feasts, and social gatherings being the common highlights of celebrations.
seasons
Mauritania is a country located in West Africa, but due to its hot and arid climate, it does not have distinct tourist seasons. However, the winter months from November to February are considered the best time to visit, as temperatures are cooler and more manageable for outdoor activities. The summer months from June to September can be very hot, with temperatures exceeding 45°C (113°F), so it is not recommended for tourists to visit during this time. If you plan to travel to Mauritania during the offseason, it's important to take precautions such as wearing sun-protective clothing, staying hydrated, and avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun.
visa
Some special visa rules for visiting Mauritania include:
1. A visa is required for all visitors to Mauritania.
2. Visa on arrival is not available, so visitors must apply for a visa before arriving in the country.
3. The visa application process may take up to 10 business days to process.
4. Visitors must provide proof of yellow fever vaccination.
5. Visitors must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond their intended stay.
The cost of a Mauritanian tourist visa varies depending on the applicant's nationality, length of stay, and other factors. On average, the cost can range from $30 to $100 USD. It is best to check with the Mauritanian embassy or consulate in your home country for more specific information about visa requirements and costs.
souvenirs
Mauritania is known for its traditional handicrafts, textiles, and jewelry. Here are some of the best souvenirs to buy from Mauritania, along with their average prices and where to buy them:
1. Berber Carpets: Handmade by Berber women, these carpets are woven using camel wool and goat hair. Average price: $50-$200. Where to buy: Nouakchott's markets.
2. Silver Jewelry: The Moorish people in Mauritania are famous for their silver jewelry, including necklaces, bracelets, and earrings. Average price: $20-$100. Where to buy: Souk Al Nakhil in Nouakchott.
3. Textiles: Traditional Mauritanian fabrics such as bazin and bou bou are brightly colored and come in a variety of patterns. Average price: $10-$50. Where to buy: Marché Capitale in Nouakchott.
4. Wood Carvings: Hand-carved wooden bowls, statues, and furniture are available in Mauritania. Average price: $10-$50. Where to buy: Artisanal Center of Nouakchott.
5. Camel Leather Goods: Leather goods like bags, shoes, and belts made from camel leather are unique souvenirs from Mauritania. Average price: $20-$50. Where to buy: Markets in Atar or Chinguetti.
Note that prices may vary depending on the location and quality of the items. It's always recommended to bargain with the sellers to get a fair price.
If you have 1 week
Great to hear that you are in Mauritania! Here is a one-week itinerary for you to explore the best of what this beautiful country has to offer:
Day 1: Start your trip in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania. Visit the National Museum of Mauritania, which offers an insight into the country's history and culture. Afterward, head to Marché Capitale, the largest market in Mauritania, to experience the local vibe and buy souvenirs.
Day 2: Explore the Adrar Region and visit the ancient city of Chinguetti, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Walk along the narrow alleys in the old town and visit the ancient libraries and mosques. You can also take a guided camel trek to discover the Sahara desert from a different perspective.
Day 3: Head towards Atar, another city in Adrar Region. Stop by the Terjit Oasis, a palm-fringed oasis with natural pools, waterfalls, and hot springs. Enjoy a refreshing swim or relax in the hot springs surrounded by the stunning landscape.
Day 4: Travel to Banc d'Arguin National Park, located on the Atlantic coast. This national park is a paradise for bird watchers, as it serves as a breeding ground for many migratory birds. Take a boat tour to see dolphins, seals, turtles, and other marine animals.
Day 5: Visit the picturesque town of Ouadane, another UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mauritania. The town features well-preserved adobe houses, a mosque, and a fortress. Immerse yourself in the local culture and learn about the traditional way of life in Mauritania.
Day 6: Visit the Port de Peche, a bustling fishing harbor in Nouakchott. Watch fishermen in action, and enjoy fresh seafood at local restaurants. You can also take a fishing trip and try to catch your dinner.
Day 7: End your trip by exploring the desert town of Tichit, located in the Tagant Region. Visit the ancient ruins of Ksar el-Barka, a once-thriving trade center between Morocco and West Africa. You can also take a stroll through the beautiful palm groves surrounding the town.
I recommend this itinerary because it offers a diverse range of experiences, from exploring ancient cities to trekking through the Sahara and enjoying fresh seafood by the coast. It will allow you to immerse yourself in Mauritania's rich culture and natural beauty. Enjoy your trip!
If you have 2 weeks
Great to hear that you're located in Mauritania! Here's a two-week itinerary for you:
Week 1:
Day 1-2: Explore the capital city of Nouakchott, visit the National Museum of Mauritania, and admire the beautiful architecture of the mosques.
Day 3-4: Take a trip to Banc d'Arguin National Park, where you can see various bird species, dolphins, and maybe even spot some whales!
Day 5-6: Travel to Atar and witness the stunning views of the Sahara Desert. You can go on a camel ride or hike up the nearby mountains for an unforgettable experience.
Day 7-8: Head to Chinguetti – a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its beautiful architecture and ancient libraries.
Week 2:
Day 9-10: Visit Terjit Oasis and relax in its natural pool surrounded by lush palm trees, perfect for a refreshing swim.
Day 11-12: Take a day trip to Ouadane, another UNESCO World Heritage site, and marvel at its well-preserved adobe buildings dating back to the medieval times.
Day 13-14: End your journey with a visit to the ancient city of Tichit, once an important trading center in the region. Admire the traditional mud-brick structures and learn about the history of the town.
I recommend these places because they offer a diverse range of experiences, from exploring cities to soaking up the natural beauty of the Sahara. You'll get to witness some of the country's most iconic landmarks while also immersing yourself in its rich culture and history. Plus, you'll have plenty of opportunities to interact with locals and try out some delicious Mauritanian cuisine. Enjoy your trip!
Culture
Tuareg and Mauritanian silversmiths have developed traditions of traditional Berber jewellery and metalwork that have been worn by Mauritanian women and men. According to studies of Tuareg and Mauretanian jewellery, the latter are usually more embellished and may carry typical pyramidal elements.
Filming for several documentaries and films has taken place in Mauritania, including Fort Saganne (1984), The Fifth Element (1997), Winged Migration (2001), and Timbuktu (2014).
The TV show Atlas of Cursed Places (2020) that aired on the Discovery Channel & National Geographic Channel had an episode that mentions Mauritania as a possible location for the lost city of Atlantis. The location they consider is a geological formation consisting of a series of rings known as the Richat Structure which is located in the Western Sahara.
The T'heydinn is part of Moorish oral tradition.
The libraries of Chinguetti contain thousands of medieval manuscripts.
Religion
Mauritania is almost 100% Muslim, with most inhabitants adhering to the Sunni denomination. The Sufi orders, the Tijaniyah and the Qadiriyyah, have great influence not only in the country, but in Morocco, Algeria, Senegal and other neighborhood countries as well. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott, founded in 1965, serves the 4,500 Catholics in Mauritania (mostly foreign residents from West Africa and Europe).
There are extreme restrictions on freedom of religion and belief in Mauritania; it is one of thirteen countries in the world that punish atheism by death. On 27 April 2018, The National Assembly passed a law that makes the death penalty mandatory for anyone convicted of "blasphemous speech" and acts deemed "sacrilegious". The new law eliminates the possibility under article 306 of substituting prison terms for the death penalty for certain apostasy-related crimes if the offender promptly repents. The law also provides for a sentence of up to two years in prison and a fine of up to 600,000 Ouguiyas (approximately EUR 14,630) for "offending public indecency and Islamic values" and for "breaching Allah’s prohibitions" or assisting in their breach.
Demographics
, Mauritania has a population of approximately 4.3 million. The local population is composed of three main ethnicities: Bidhan or white Moors, Haratin or black moors, and West Africans. 30% Bidhan, 40% Haratin, and 30% others (mostly Black Sub-Saharans). Local statistics bureau estimations indicate that the Bidhan represent around 30% of citizens. They speak Hassaniya Arabic and are primarily of Arab-Berber origin. The Haratin constitute roughly 34% of the population. With many estimates putting them at around 40%. They are descendants of the original inhabitants of the Tassili n'Ajjer and Acacus Mountain sites during the Epipalaeolithic era. The remaining 30% of the population largely consists of various ethnic groups of West African descent. Among these are the Niger-Congo-speaking Halpulaar (Fulbe), Soninke, Bambara and Wolof.
Mauritania is almost 100% Muslim, with most inhabitants adhering to the Sunni denomination. The Sufi orders, the Tijaniyah and the Qadiriyyah, have great influence not only in the country, but in Morocco, Algeria, Senegal and other neighborhood countries as well. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott, founded in 1965, serves the 4,500 Catholics in Mauritania (mostly foreign residents from West Africa and Europe).
There are extreme restrictions on freedom of religion and belief in Mauritania; it is one of thirteen countries in the world that punish atheism by death. On 27 April 2018, The National Assembly passed a law that makes the death penalty mandatory for anyone convicted of "blasphemous speech" and acts deemed "sacrilegious". The new law eliminates the possibility under article 306 of substituting prison terms for the death penalty for certain apostasy-related crimes if the offender promptly repents. The law also provides for a sentence of up to two years in prison and a fine of up to 600,000 Ouguiyas (approximately EUR 14,630) for "offending public indecency and Islamic values" and for "breaching Allah’s prohibitions" or assisting in their breach.
Arabic is the official and national language of Mauritania. The local spoken variety, known as Hassaniya, contains many Berber words and significantly differs from the Modern Standard Arabic that is used for official communication. Pulaar, Soninke and Wolof also serve as national languages. French is widely used in the media and among educated classes.
As of 2011, life expectancy at birth was 61.14 years. Per capita expenditure on health was 43 US$ (PPP) in 2004. Public expenditure was 2% of the GDP in 2004 and private 0.9% of the GDP in 2004. In the early 21st century, there were 11 physicians per 100,000 people. Infant mortality is 60.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 estimate).
The obesity rate among Mauritanian women is high, perhaps in part due to the traditional standards of beauty in some regions by which obese women are considered beautiful while thin women are considered sickly.
Since 1999, all teaching in the first year of primary school is in Modern Standard Arabic; French is introduced in the second year, and is used to teach all scientific courses. The use of English is increasing.
Mauritania has the University of Nouakchott and other institutions of higher education, but the majority of highly educated Mauritanians have studied outside the country. Public expenditure on education was at 10.1% of 2000–2007 government expenditure.
The Abdallahi government was widely perceived as corrupt and restricted access to government information. Sexism, racism, female genital mutilation, child labour, human trafficking, and the political marginalization of largely southern-based ethnic groups continued to be problems. Homosexuality is illegal and is a capital offence in Mauritania.
Following the 2008 coup, the military government of Mauritania faced severe international sanctions and internal unrest. Amnesty International accused it of practicing coordinated torture against criminal and political detainees. Amnesty has accused the Mauritanian legal system, both before and after the 2008 coup, of functioning with complete disregard for legal procedure, fair trial, or humane imprisonment. The organization has said that the Mauritanian government has practiced institutionalized and continuous use of torture throughout its post-independence history, under all its leaders.
Amnesty International in 2008 alleged that torture was common in Mauritania, stating that its usage is "deeply anchored in the culture of the security forces", which use it "as a system of investigation and repression". Forms of torture employed include cigarette burns, electric shocks and sexual violence, stated Amnesty International. In 2014, the United States Department of State identified torture by Mauritanian law enforcement as one of the "central human rights problems" in the country. Juan E. Méndez, an independent expert on human rights from the United Nations, reported in 2016 that legal protections against torture were present but not applied in Mauritania, pointing to an "almost total absence of investigations into allegations of torture".
According to the US State Department 2010 Human Rights Report, abuses in Mauritania include: "...mistreatment of detainees and prisoners; security force impunity; lengthy pretrial detention; harsh prison conditions; arbitrary arrests; limits on freedom of the press and assembly; corruption; discrimination against women; female genital mutilation (FGM); child marriage; political marginalization of southern-based ethnic groups; racial and ethnic discrimination; slavery and slavery-related practices; and child labor."
Slavery persists in Mauritania, despite it being outlawed. It is the result of a historical caste system, resulting in descent-based slavery. Those enslaved are darker-skinned Haratin, with their owners being lighter-skinned Moors.
In 1905, the French colonial administration declared an end of slavery in Mauritania, with very little success. Although nominally abolished in 1981, it was not illegal to own slaves until 2007.
The US State Department 2010 Human Rights Report states, "Government efforts were not sufficient to enforce the antislavery law. No cases have been successfully prosecuted under the antislavery law despite the fact that de facto slavery exists in Mauritania."
In 2012, it was estimated that 10% to 20% of the population of Mauritania (between 340,000 and 680,000 people) live in slavery.
That same year, a government minister stated that slavery "no longer exists" in Mauritania. However, according to the Walk Free Foundation's Global Slavery Index, there were an estimated 90,000 enslaved people in Mauritania in 2018, or around 2% of the population.
Obstacles to ending slavery in Mauritania include:
* The difficulty of enforcing any laws in the country's vast desert.
* Poverty that limits opportunities for slaves to support themselves if freed.
* Belief that slavery is part of the natural order of this society.
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